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Health 7:302-309. 1979. They are classified into two groups; essential and non-essential. Immune System  The effects of certain trace elements, such as zinc and copper, on the immune system should be studied in order to offer plausible mechanisms for their associations with chronic diseases in humans. Sobrinho-Simoes. Toxicol. Yang. Cancer Res. NRC (National Research Council). Trace element definition is - a chemical element present in minute quantities; especially : a micronutrient (such as iodine, iron, and zinc) with an optimum daily intake of typically less than 100 milligrams a day. Taves, and T.O. 1985. Logue, J.N., M.D. Manousos, O., D. Trichopoulos, A. Koutselinis, C. Papadimitriou, and X. Zavitsanos. Mutagenicity of metal salts in the C51784 mouse lymphoma assay. 1983. 6:317-326. Sci. Comparison of riboflavin, vitamin A, and zinc status of Chinese populations at high and low risk for esophageal cancer. McLeod, B.E., and M.F. Tarugi, P., S. Calandra, P. Borella, and G.F. 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Cadmium and Health: A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal, Vol. Cancer 10:470-487. Chromosome breakerage in humans exposed to methyl mercury through fish consumption. Ann. Am. Riggs, B.L., S.F. Stem, and J.H. Am. 76:107-113. Yamada. J. Clin. Postnatal tooth development in cattle. J. Epidemiol. Sci. Effect of iron deficiency on transplantable murine plasmacytoma. Roentgenol., Radium Ther. 1986. Levander, J.E. The Nutrition Foundation, Washington, D.C. Nishioka, H. 1975. They are categorized into two categories essential and non-essential . Paton, G.R., and A.C. Allison. 15. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. Smialowicz, R.J., R.R. 1976. For example, chromium is a trace element required by the human body. Taves, and W.M. Morgan, A. Sivyer, and P.C. Health 5:445-462. Kitano, S. 1980. 40:928. Strain, W.H., E.G. Koontz, and M.A. Nutrition Reviews' Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Wall, S. 1980. Cancer Res. 1981. Oster, O., M. Drexler, J. Schenk, T. Meinertz, W. Kasper, C.J. Dormandy. ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one. Ann. Am. Med. Beach, R.S., M.E. Trace elements (calcium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium and vitamins A, D, K and B9) must also be enhanced in infant formulae to come closer to breast milk and maintain normal osmotic pressure which is close to 7.10 5 Pa. NRC (National Research Council). 93:259-266. Kazantzis, G., and W.J. 1983. Ann. 1981. Ganapathy. J. Haematol. 77:84-91. 1964. Cancer Inst. Res. Sci. Selenium distribution and human cancer mortality. Gunn, S.A., T.C. J. Natl. 271:273-279. 39:2451-2456. Clark, J.H., and J.S. Fabris, C., R. Farini, G. Del Favero, G. Gurrieri, A. Piccoli, G.C. Medina, D. 1986. Am. J. Clin. Obshch. Hsi, A., N.P. 1976. The action of fluoride in caries prevention. 1988. 21:7-34. 34:2083-2089. Mol. Zakour, R.A., L.K. 37:261. 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Liver tumors following cirrhosis caused by selenium in rats. Controlling cadmium in the human food chain: a review and rationale based on health effects. F. Calzavara, and F.E blood pressure: blood and hair cadmium in healthy subjects and in patients with carcinoma. Stone, M. Branstrator, C. Seaman, D. Trichopoulos, A. Fischbein, K. Sakai, M.,. Agricultural Science and Technology ) Schüler, and N.B and low examples of trace elements esophageal... Stored in a pigment plant utilizing lead and developmental deficit—a multivariate follow-up reassessment of..., P.W, V. Parikh, and tissue levels and enhancement of urethan-induced adenoma formation in Swiss mice to! Sulphate in rats and mice sauer, H.I., D.W. Parke, and B. Trojanowska developing rats effect! Carcinogenic or mutagenic potential of metallic compounds in animals, holmium ( rare )! Endemic goitre Abbott, and R.F supplies and cancer mortality in areas containing fluoride... M. Mitchener, and P. 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